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From Moscow, from Moscow: what does the relocation of the headquarters of a state enterprise from the capital to the region actually mean?
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Following the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed that proposals on relocating the headquarters of state enterprises be submitted to the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation by October 1. The company is based in Moscow in its main areas of activity.
"Proposes a gradual transfer of head offices of state enterprises, enterprises with state participation and integrated structures included in the structure of such enterprises and companies from the city of Moscow to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at their main location. Particular attention is paid to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation whose production and/or operational activities are located in the Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. "The deadline is October 1, 2024," the order says.
This topic is not entirely new. The president made a similar proposal three years ago. "Some offices of large Russian companies operating in Siberia should be moved from Moscow to the region so that taxes go to the regional budget. This was stated by Russian President Vladimir Putin live on RBC. "I believe that some federal structures should be moved to Siberia, at least large companies operating in Siberia, and their headquarters should be moved there, and, unfortunately, the main taxes should be paid in Moscow," said President Vladimir Putin. Vladimir Putin wrote to RBC in June 2021.
Now we are talking not about proposals, but about specific instructions, and Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin has been appointed responsible for their implementation. It is assumed that this step, which is a positive example of what, according to the Russian president, was the transfer of the company "RusHydro" from Moscow to Krasnoyarsk, will strengthen the economic opportunities in the region.
At the time of writing, there is no official information about who can move where, although October 1 has long passed. While waiting for details, BFM.ru decided to discuss how realistic the planned move is, what benefits it will bring to the region and what problems it will create for the migrants themselves. The portal's interlocutor is Dmitry Vishnyakov, managing director of Pridex.
The concentration of headquarters in the capital is a unique phenomenon for Russia, despite the vast territory and production capacity of the region. In many ways, this is a legacy of the planned economy and the result of the rapid transition to a market model in the 1990s. The function of company management naturally became concentrated in the planning and decision-making center. However, in countries similar in size to the Russian Federation, headquarters are scattered to some extent in different places. For example, China has many large economic centers with developed infrastructure. Shanghai is the financial capital, the textile industry is concentrated in Guangzhou, and electronics production is located in Shenzhen, the country's main technology center. In the United States, headquarters are often located in the same place as production sites. And enterprises that are not tied to land choose their location based on taxes and other legal features. For example, New York, traditionally considered the business capital of the country, according to official statistics ranks only 9th in the state ranking for the concentration of headquarters per million residents. Connecticut tops the list, home to sports media giant ESPN and numerous manufacturing, insurance, and financial companies. Incidentally, the famous Yale University is located here. At the same time, Connecticut is ahead of New York in terms of median income (half the population earns more than this amount, and half - less) - $50.2 thousand versus $47.4 thousand.
In fact, yes. There are also quite visible signs of decentralization in Russia. When discussing this trend, the most striking examples are often mentioned. Gazprom’s headquarters were moved to St. Petersburg, and RusHydro’s headquarters were moved to Krasnoyarsk. But this trend is not limited to these two companies. Norilsk Nickel has already moved part of its headquarters to Norilsk, NLMK is developing a business park in Lipetsk, and TMK is designing a site for its employees in Yekaterinburg. For example, En+ has been operating in Krasnoyarsk for a long time. Thus, some of the players that could be included in the list of players relocated by the presidential decree have been on this path for many years. Rostelecom is opening offices in Sochi and other regional hubs. Aeroflot has large administrative offices in St. Petersburg and Krasnodar. Rosneft has moved some of its operations to regional centers such as Khanty-Mansiysk. The Presidential Decree will undoubtedly strengthen and accelerate this trend. Of course, we are unlikely to see a large-scale immediate relocation of state structures from Moscow to the region in the near future. However, state enterprises (and those with them) will most likely move towards soft decentralization through more active development of regional branches and affiliates.
Yes, the headquarters of large federal companies occupy tens of thousands of square meters. For example, the new RusHydro building in Krasnoyarsk has an area of 33,000 m2, and the headquarters of Novatek in Moscow occupies almost 50,000 m2. Finding such premises even in Moscow is problematic, and in the regions, work becomes impossible. A more or less established office real estate market exists only in cities with a population of over a million, and not in all cities. According to the consulting company Core.XP, at the beginning of 2024, the total supply of 14 cities with a population of 1 million people was only 3.3 million square meters. The leaders of the regional market are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and Krasnodar with areas from 3 to 800,000 square meters. For comparison, the Moscow market is more than 20 million square meters. In addition, on average, only 3.5% of all office space in cities with a population of over a million is empty. In fact, in most cities this percentage is much less. It's just that Volgograd has a relatively high percentage of vacant space, which distorts the statistics. And these small volumes are scattered across different locations. This means that relocators do not have the opportunity to "prepare everything."
So... then what choice do they have?
There are three main scenarios for creating office space for companies moving to the area. The first concerns institutional relocation. Theoretically, it is possible to free up existing business centers for large federal corporations. However, the decor and equipment of local offices are often very different from what employees of large companies are used to. The premises need repair and finishing. Option No. 2 - Buying a building. You can choose items that are not in your office and recreate them yourself. This is exactly what the already mentioned RusHydro company did, taking on an unfinished hotel building and turning it into a modern office. Finally, the third option is an individual project, that is, building an office building for yourself. It is necessary to attract developers who will build the headquarters from scratch to meet the needs of the customer. However, it takes more than a year to find a site, prepare documents, design and build. In addition to creating offices, you also need to provide your employees with housing and social infrastructure, which are usually lacking in the region. Taking into account all previous approvals, planning, construction and organization, a realistic time frame is at least 5-7 years.
But the game is worth the candle. According to Dmitry Vishnyakov, whichever option (transfer or soft decentralization) the public sector chooses, it will be the locomotive of new regional positions. The demand for offices and housing for employees will generate large orders for local developers and will probably attract large federal players. Along with office workers, those who provide guarantees for their work will move to the region, ranging from subcontractors and infrastructure maintenance companies to services such as food exchange and delivery.
"This is clearly seen in the example of Gazprom. The company's move certainly gave additional impetus to the development of the retail sector of the northern capital, especially the elite segment. A new elite corridor was formed on Nevsky Prospect. The brand followed justified demand," the expert explains.
He reminds that the difference in salaries between Moscow and the regions is still much greater than between New York and Connecticut. According to the latest data, the average salary in the capital exceeds 156.4 thousand rubles, and in Krasnoyarsk - 96 thousand. Moving your headquarters can help to overcome this gap. In addition, companies moving to Siberia will most likely follow the example of RusHydro and promise employees additional compensation in the form of northern bonuses and one-time payments.
"In Moscow, and especially in the Moscow office real estate market, it is unlikely that any changes will occur. This sector of the capital is so overheated that the departure of several large companies will not change the situation. And even if migrants free up hundreds of thousands of square meters, this volume will quickly dissolve in the dynamically developing Moscow market," Dmitry Vishnyakov is sure.